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Chinese to English

Judy Xing
Good words are worth much & cost little.


Native in: Chinese Native in Chinese
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A Freelance Translator who is able to provide promt, precise and professional translation/proofreading services
Account type Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Identity Verified Verified site user
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Services Translation, Editing/proofreading, Website localization, Software localization, Training
Expertise
Specializes in:
Telecom(munications)Education / Pedagogy
Art, Arts & Crafts, PaintingPoetry & Literature
Environment & EcologyGovernment / Politics
HistoryTourism & Travel
LinguisticsAutomotive / Cars & Trucks

Rates
English to Chinese - Standard rate: 0.10 USD per word / 40 USD per hour
Chinese to English - Standard rate: 0.10 USD per character / 40 USD per hour

Portfolio Sample translations submitted: 10
English to Chinese: Power Train – Engine
General field: Marketing
Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - English
Power Train – Engine
The Cat® C15 engine with ACERT™ Technology delivers the power and reliability necessary to perform in the most demanding underground mining applications.

Power Shift Transmission.

The Cat four-speed planetary power shift transmission is matched with the C15 engine with ACERT™ Technology to deliver constant power over a wide range of operating speeds.
• Hydraulic modulation cushions the shift and reduces stress on components.
• High contact pump drive and output transfer gears are used to reduce sound levels.
• Pump drive and output transfer use high contact gear ratios to reduce sound levels.
• Perimeter mounted, large diameter clutch packs control inertia for smooth shifting and increased component life.

Robust Design.
Designed for rugged underground mining conditions, the proven planetary power shift transmission is built for long life between overhauls.

Electronic Controls.
Electronic controls allow smooth, on-the-go shifting for greater productivity.

Torque Converter. High capacity torque converter delivers more power to the wheels for superior power train efficiency.

Electronic Autoshift Transmission.
The electronic autoshift transmission increases operator efficiencies and optimizes machine performance. The operator can choose between manual or auto shift modes.

Transmission Neutralizer. Using the left brake pedal, the operator can engage the service brakes and neutralize the transmission, maintaining high engine rpm for full hydraulic flow, enhancing digging and loading functions.

Final Drives. Cat final drives work as a system with the planetary power shift transmission to deliver maximum power to the ground. Built to withstand the forces of high torque and impact loads, final drives provide high torque multiplication to further reduce drive train stress.

Axles. Heavy duty axles are built rugged for long-life in the most demanding environments.

Oscillating Rear Axle. Oscillating rear axle ensures four-wheel ground contact for maximum traction and stability at all times.
Translation - Chinese
传动系-发动机
Cat® C15发动机采用ACERT™技术,能够为最恶劣的地下采矿环境提供必要的动力及可靠性。

动力换挡变速箱。

Cat四速行星动力换挡变速箱匹配采用ACERT™技术C15发动机,可在广泛的运行速度下提供稳定动力。
• 液压调节系统对换档进行缓冲并降低作用在零部件上的应力。
• 采用大重合泵传动及输出分动齿轮来降低声级。
• 泵的传动与输出分动齿轮采用大重合齿轮比以降低声级。
• 采用安装在周边的大直径离合器套件来控制惯性,实现平稳换档并提高零部件寿命。

稳健设计。
设计用于恶劣的地下采矿条件下,组合有可靠的行星动力换挡变速箱,延长大修间隔期。

电子控制装置。
电子控制装置能够实现平稳的运行中换档,从而提高生产率。

变矩器。高功率变矩器可为车轮传递更大动力,提升传动系的效率。

电子自动换档变速箱。
电子自动换档变速箱可提高操作者的效率并优化机械性能。操作者可在手动或自动换档模式之间进行选择。

变速箱缓冲器。操作者可使用左侧制动踏板来啮合运行制动并使变速箱处于空档,在整个液压流量下保持高发动机转速,增强挖掘和加载功能。

主减速器。Cat主减速器可用作带有行星动力换挡变速箱的系统,以便为地面传递最大动力。主减速器的结构能够承受高扭矩及冲击负载作用力,形成高扭矩倍增,以便进一步降低传动系应力。

车轴。重型车轴针对恶劣条件进行组装,可在最恶劣的环境下长期工作。

振摆后轴。振摆后轴确保四轮触地,始终保持最大牵引力和稳定性。
English to Chinese: It is my pleasure to be with you today to talk about some changes
General field: Marketing
Detailed field: Management
Source text - English
It is my pleasure to be with you today to talk about some changes in the AAA business focusing on the recent organizational changes and our cost management strategies that are designed to help us achieve our goals in what may prove to be a very difficult operating environment in 2009.

But before we turn our focus to next year, I’d like to spend a few moments on our 2008 accomplishments.

First, in the area of People… we have continued to successfully execute the principles of Vision Zero and have significantly improved our safety performance. While we haven’t yet achieved our ultimate goal of zero injuries, our progress is outstanding and I look forward to continued success and further improvements.

Employee engagement continues to be a real area of strength for AAA by exceeding our 2010 engagement goal this year with an engagement score of 91%! While this is great news, employee engagement is much more than just a high score… It’s about a culture where people feel valued and want to do their best possible work to contribute to the overall success of the team.

If I’m honest, there are a few areas where we need to improve at a faster rate than we currently are… specifically, in the areas of quality and velocity. While the deployment of BBB has helped address some of the challenges, we must continue to sharpen our focus. It is absolutely critical we get this area of our business right if we are to achieve our long-term growth goals and satisfy our customers. Almost every CCC customer or dealer I talk to is concerned about our quality ….. and that is unacceptable. While there are signs of progress, we must continue to do better in this area.
Translation - Chinese
很荣幸今天能够向诸位介绍一下AAA 业务的某些变化,我们关注最新的组织变更以及成本管理,这些都有助于我们在2009这一艰难的运营环境中实现我们的目标。

然而我们将焦点转向2009之前,请允许我花费几分钟的时间讲一讲2008年所取得的成就。

首先,在人员方面,我们继续成功地执行了零视觉原则,极大地提高了我们的安全性能。 然而我们仍然未能实现零伤害这一终极目标,因此仍需努力。我期待永久性的成功以及进一步的完善。

员工敬业度仍然是AAA实力的一个切实体现,今年我们的敬业度目标已超过了2010年预期,达到 了91%!。这真是个绝佳的消息,但员工敬业度的实质却远不止一个高分! 这是一种企业文化,员工从中感受到自身价值,乐于竭尽所能努力工作,以促进团队的整体成功。

现实来讲,目前仍有一些方面需要我们更加迅速地进行改进,特别是在质量和速度两方面。由于BBB 的部署已帮助我们阐明了某些挑战,因此我们必须继续对关注焦点进行锐化。 因此如果我们希望实现长期增长目标并满足客户要求,就一定要恰如其分地开展业务。 我所接触的几乎每个CCC 客户或经销商都会关注于我们的质量……这真让人抓狂。 现如今已有改进迹象,因此我们必须做得更好。
Chinese to English: 政策建议
General field: Social Sciences
Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - Chinese
政策建议

1、做好临时安置工作。要着重解决好分户居住的问题。对类似“三川”安置压力较大的各级政府,应尽快增加各类临时过渡房的供应,推进分户居住工作。加快解决住帐篷农户的过冬安置问题。可适当安排一部分板房,尽快解决农户的临时安置问题,确保灾民顺利过冬。要加大灾区农民自行安置工作力度,鼓励农户利用各类废旧建筑材料搭建过渡房。各级政府要确保搭建过渡房所必需材料的供应,如席子、油毡等。
2、加快次生灾害评估力度,尽快落实安置规划。要抓紧开展对灾区次生灾害威胁的评估,以保证灾区农户自救过程不再受到次生灾害的威胁,以便他们及早地回到原住地或在新安置点搭建临时住所,安全过冬。
3、探索农户建房贷款新模式。鼓励各类金融机构在支援灾区的实践中探索新型金融模式支持农民建房和农村发展。可以探索使用农户联保形式、或使用农户未来房产进行抵押、或使用农户的耕地或林地承包权进行抵押等新模式获取贷款。
4、鼓励农户采取互助建房方式。为满足农户统一建房的需求,政府可以鼓励、引导各村(组)建立农户建房互助组等互助建房的合作组织,让农户参与到建房中,解决农户建房过程中劳动力短缺问题,同时利用建房机会解决农民就业。政府应在充分尊重农户建房意愿的基础上,做好相关规划,提供相应技术支持,放宽农户互助(合作)组织的建房资质审核,加强对农民建房相关技术的培训。
5、促进灾区建材制造企业尽快恢复生产,保障建房建材供应。应尽快出台针对灾区建材生产企业恢复重建的政策,保证灾区重建住房所需要的建材生产和供应。在交通不便的山区,可以适当允许在重建期间,发展建材企业,作为恢复重建的临时措施。
6、尽快研究制定异地移民安置方案。尽早研究通过城镇化政策,解决灾区移民的安置问题。特别是要求沿海发达地区,解决一部分长期在当地务工就业的灾区农民的落户问题,以便在更大的空间范围内,为移民安置创造条件。。
7、逐步解决灾区生活中面临的系列问题。对灾区农民群众所关心的生活问题,要未雨绸缪,及早规划。重点解决涉及人民群众生活的子女教育、医疗保障、公共服务设施和未来的非农就业安排问题。
Translation - English
Policy suggestions

1). Make a success of the temporary settlement work. Particular emphasis should be placed on the resolution of household division. Governments at various levels that had a great pressure of settlement such as “Three Chuan” should increase supply of transitional houses of various types, advancing the household division. Plank houses could be used for the farmer households to go through the winter. Farmer households should be encouraged to make use of the waste and old building materials to resolve the problem of settlement on their own. Governments at various levels should ensure the supply of necessary materials, such as mats, linoleum, etc.
2). Intensify the assessment of the secondary disaster and implement the settlement plans as soon as possible. The assessment of the secondary disaster should be intensified, ensuring that farmer households would not be threatened by the secondary disaster during their self-help through production, so that they could return to their original living places or build temporary houses at new settlement centers to pass the winter safely.
3). Explore new models of house construction loans for farmer households. Encourage financial institutions of various kinds to explore new financial models to support the house reconstruction of farmer households and the development of rural areas during the practice. Models of farmer households’ joint protection, mortgage on future building properties, mortgage on arable land or contracting right could be utilized to obtain loans.
4). Encourage farmer households to adopt a way of mutual aid in the house reconstruction. To meet the farmer households’ demand for unified house construction, government could encourage and guide villages (groups) to form cooperative organizations such as mutual aid groups and allow farmer households to participate in house construction. In this way, the problem of shortage of labor during house construction could be solved and the problem of employment could be solved too. On the basis of fully respecting farmer households’ house construction will, government should make relative plans properly, provide relative technique support, relax house construction verification of mutual aid groups and enhance the training of relative house construction techniques for farmer households.
5). Facilitate enterprises of building and manufacturing materials to restore production as soon as possible, and ensure the supply of building materials. Policies in accordance with the restoration of enterprises of building and manufacturing materials in disaster-hit regions should be put forward as soon as possible, ensuring the production and supply of building materials needed in house construction. In some inaccessible mountainous regions, enterprises of building materials could be established during the restoration period.
6). Study and formulate settlement plans for immigrants as soon as possible. Immigrants in disaster-hit areas should be settled down through policies of urbanization, especially in developed coastal areas. Help farmer households who had been working long in these areas to settle down so as to provide conditions for immigrants’ settlement in a wide scope.
7). Find solutions gradually to a series of problems that farmer households may encounter in daily lives. Preventive measures and relative plans regarding the problem of livelihood that farmer households cared about should be made as early as possible. Problems such as children’s education, medical care, public service infrastructure and non-agricultural employment in the future should be laid great emphasis on.
English to Chinese: Freezing Conditions
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - English
Freezing Conditions
If freezing temperatures are expected, remove the mud and the dirt from each track roller frame. Park the machine on wood planks. Use the following procedure to clean each track roller frame.
1. Position the boom over one side of the machine.
2. Use boom down pressure in order to lift the track on one side off the ground. Operate the track in the forward direction. Then operate the track in reverse. Continue this procedure until the maximum amount of material is thrown off the track.
3. Lower the track onto the wood planks.
4. Repeat the procedure for the other track.
5. Clean the area around the carrier rollers and around the track rollers.
6. Lower the work tool onto a wood plank in order to prevent the work tool from touching the ground.
Translation - Chinese
凝固状态
如果有可能出现凝固温度,则清除各个履带支重轮架上的泥浆和污垢。将设备停放在厚木板上。按下列步骤清洁各个履带支重轮架。
1. 将悬臂放在设备一侧上方。
2. 利用悬臂的向下压力将一侧履带提离地面。前向操作履带。然后反向操作履带。重复这一步骤直至将尽可能多的材料甩离履带。
3. 降低履带,将其放在厚木板上。
4. 在另一个履带上重复这一步骤。
5. 清洁履带托轮和履带支重轮周围区域。
6. 降下工具,将其放在木板上以免工具接触地面。
English to Chinese: Seat
General field: Tech/Engineering
Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - English
Seat
The Operator can adjust the seat position forward or backward. The operator may also adjust the seat back tilt. Select the desired position in order to allow full pedal travel and full lever travel. The seat and the consoles can also slide as one unit.

Use handle (4) in order to adjust the height of the seat. Place the handle in the operating position. Turning the handle clockwise increases the height of the seat. Turning the handle counterclockwise decreases the height of the seat. If your machine is equipped with an air ride suspension, the seat will be equipped with a lever. Pull up the lever in order to raise the height of the seat. Push down on the lever in order to lower the seat. If the adjustment is correct, indicator (3) will turn green. If the indicator shows red, further adjustment is required.
Translation - Chinese
座椅
操作者可向前或向后调节座椅位置。也可将椅背倾斜。选择所需的位置,以使踏板和拉杆能够实现完整行程。座椅和控制台也可做为整体滑动。

使用手柄(4)来调节座椅高度。将手柄置于操作位置。顺时针转动手柄以提升座椅高度。逆时针转动手柄以降低座椅高度。如果设备配备有空气弹簧,则座椅可装备拉杆。拉起拉杆以提升座椅高度。按下拉杆降低座椅高度。如果调节正确,则指示器(3)变成绿色。如果指示器显示红色,则需要做进一步的调节。
English to Chinese: Asbestos Information
Source text - English
Asbestos Information

Caterpillar equipment and replacement parts that are shipped from Caterpillar are asbestos free. Caterpillar recommends the use of only genuine Caterpillar replacement parts. Use the following guidelines when you handle any replacement parts that contain asbestos or when you handle asbestos debris.

Use caution. Avoid inhaling dust that might be generated when you handle components that contain asbestos fibers. Inhaling this dust can be hazardous to your health. The components that may contain asbestos fibers are brake pads, brake bands, lining material, clutch plates, and some gaskets. The asbestos that is used in these components is usually bound in a resin or sealed in some way. Normal handling is not hazardous unless airborne dust that contains asbestos is generated. If dust that may contain asbestos is present, there are several guidelines that should be followed:
• Never use compressed air for cleaning.
• Avoid brushing materials that contain asbestos.
• Avoid grinding materials that contain asbestos.
• Use a wet method in order to clean up asbestos materials.
• A vacuum cleaner that is equipped with a high efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) can also be used.
• Use exhaust ventilation on permanent machining jobs.
• Wear an approved respirator if there is no other way to control the dust.
• Comply with applicable rules and regulations for the work place. In the United States, use Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements. These OSHA requirements can be found in “29 CFR 1910.1001”.
• Obey environmental regulations for the disposal of asbestos.
• Stay away from areas that might have asbestos particles in the air.
Translation - Chinese
石棉信息

卡特彼勒所发运的卡特彼勒设备和备用部件无石棉。卡特彼勒公司建议只使用来自卡特彼勒原厂备用部件。在处理含有石棉的备用部件或者处理石棉碎屑时,请采用下列指南。

谨慎操作。处理含有石棉纤维的组件时,避免吸入扬起的灰尘。吸入这些灰尘对健康不利。有可能包含石棉纤维的组件为制动块、制动带、衬里材料、离合器片和某些衬垫。这些组件中所采用的石棉通常用树脂粘合或以某种方式进行密封。除非产生含有石棉的空气粉尘,否则正常处理无危险。如果灰尘中有可能包含石棉,则应当遵循下列指南:
• 绝不要使用压缩空气进行清洁。
• 避免涂刷含有石棉的材料。
• 避免研磨含有石棉的材料。
• 使用湿法净化石棉材料。
• 也可以使用配备有高效空气微粒过滤器(HEPA)的真空清洁器。
• 持久的加工工作需进行排气通风。
• 如果其它方法无法控制灰尘,则需佩戴经认可的呼吸器。
• 遵守工作地点的适用规章制度。在美国,采用职业安全与保健管理总署(OSHA)的要求。可在“29 CFR 1910.1001”中找到这些OSHA要求。
• 处置石棉时遵从环境保护法规。
• 远离空气中有可能存在石棉颗粒的区域。
Spanish to Chinese: La noción de ius cogens
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright
Source text - Spanish
En 1937 un artículo de Verdross intentaba probar que en el derecho internacional existían reglas que tenían la característica de pertenecer al derecho imperativo o ius cogens y que los tratados no podían contradecirlas. Sostenía que el propio poder que tienen los Estados para concluir acuerdos es en principio ilimitado, salvo que afecten disposiciones que tienen naturaleza de derecho imperativo u obligatorio. La Comisión de Derecho Internacional codificó este principio en el art. 37 del Proyecto de Convención sobre Derecho de los Tratados estableciendo los antecedentes de lo que sería más tarde el art. 53 de la Convención de Viena. En las discusiones entre los miembros de la Comisión se intentó encontrar un criterio uniforme para reconocer una norma de derecho imperativo. A pesar de las diferencias entre los miembros se puede coincidir en que las reglas del ius cogens son reglas absolutas y no sirven para satisfacer las necesidades de los Estados individuales sino el interés más alto de la comunidad internacional. Estos movimientos hicieron considerar a algunos estudiosos la existencia de un orden público internacional, expresión ésta acuñada por Lauterpacht para su informe del año 1953 a la Comisión de Derecho Internacional. Lauterpacht había concebido a la existencia de un orden tal, cuando estimó que la ilicitud de un tratado sería evaluada a través de su compatibilidad con ciertos principios absolutos del derecho internacional. De acuerdo al art. 53 de la Convención de Viena ya mencionada, una norma imperativa del derecho internacional perteneciente al ius cogens es una norma aceptada y reconocida por la comunidad internacional de Estados en su conjunto, como norma que no admite acuerdo en contrario y que sólo puede ser modificada por una norma ulterior de derecho internacional general que tenga el mismo carácter. El art. 64 aclara que si surgiera una nueva norma imperativa, todo tratado existente que esté en oposición con esa norma se convertirá en nulo y terminará. El comentario de la Comisión autora del proyecto que fuera analizado en Viena, da como ejemplo de violación de una norma imperativa el caso de un tratado que contemple el uso de la fuerza en forma contraria a los principios de las Naciones Unidas, o la realización de un acto criminal ante la ley internacional - trata de esclavos, piratería o genocidio-, o que viole los derechos humanos, el principio de igualdad de los Estados o la autodeterminación de los pueblos. El comentario sostiene también que será más la naturaleza de la cuestión la que permitirá determinar la existencia de un derecho con jerarquía de ius cogens que un listado enunciativo de casos.
Translation - Chinese
1937年,费德罗斯写了一篇文章,试图证明在国际法规中,存在属于强制性法律或者强制法的特点,并且所有的条约都不能与之发生抵触。他认为,国家的权力在国际法规在原则上是有其限度的,在不可抗力和普遍适用义务的情况除外。国际法委员会在关于建立条约法的草案第37条以及在后来的维也纳公约的第53条中确定了这一原则。在委员会所有成员国的决定中试图建立一个公认的标准来通过一个具有强制性的法律标准。尽管各个成员国之间的分歧是绝对存在的,但是不能为了满足个别国家的需要,而是应当以国际社会的更高利益为优先。一些的学术研究得出结论,存在一个国际间的普遍义务,这是由劳特帕赫特在国际法委员会1953年例会上提出的。劳特帕赫特认识到了这种秩序的存在,当某些条款与国际法的绝对原则发生冲突时这些条款将是无效的。根据维也纳公约第53条之规定,国际法的绝对原则是指那些国际社会普遍接受和认可的标准,它不接受与其相抵触的标准,只能由具有相同性质的国际法来进行修正。第64条规定,如果出现新的标准并与已经存在的标准发展抵触,则新的标准无效。委员会起草法案也在维也纳进行评估,作为一项条约,不能违反联合国关于使用武力,违反国际法的犯罪行为,贩卖奴隶,盗版,种族灭绝或者是其他违反强制性规范原则,或者是侵犯人权,侵犯其他国家或者人民自决的平等权力等基本原则。另外,由普遍强制义务来决定一个法规的等级制度也是进一步的问题。

English to Chinese: The Ephemera
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - English
The Ephemera
You may remember, my dear friend, that when we lately spent that happy day in the delightful garden and sweet society of the Moulin Joly, I stopped a little in one of our walks, and stayed some time behind the company. We had been shown numberless skeletons of a kind of little fly, called an ephemera, whose successive generations, we were told, were bred and expired within the day. I happened to see a living company of them on a leaf, who appeared to be engaged in conversation. You know I understand all the inferior animal tongues. My too great application to the study of them is the best excuse I can give for the little progress I have made in your charming language. I listened through curiosity to the discourse of these little creatures; but as they, in their conversation. I found, however, by some broken expressions that I heard now and then, they were disputing warmly on the merit of two foreign musicians, one a cousin, the other a moscheto; in which dispute they spent their time, seemingly as regardless of the shortness of life as if they had been sure of living a month. Happy people! Thought I; You are certainly under a wise, just, and mild government, since you have no public grievances to complain of, nor any subject of contention but the perfections and imperfections of foreign music. I turned my head from them to an old gray-headed one, who was single on another leaf, and talking to himself. Being amused with his soliloquy, I put it down in writing, in hopes it will likewise amuse her to whom I am so much indebted for the most pleasing of all amusements, her delicious company and heavenly harmony.
Translation - Chinese
蜉蝣
亲爱的朋友,你可记得,那次我们在芍丽磨坊那令人愉悦的花园中参加社团活动,我曾在散步时独自停留了一会儿,落在了人群之后。这是因为我们看到了无数叫做蜉蝣的小飞虫残尸。据说,他们的生命非常短暂,在一天时间里,可以生生死死好几代。那天,我碰巧在一片叶子上见到了一群鲜活的蜉蝣,它们看上去正忙着交谈。你是知道的, 我几乎通晓所有低等动物的语言。 我对研究它们的语言怀有极大热情,这恰恰成为我对这门美妙的语言了解不深的最好借口。我好奇地倾听着这些小生物的对话,然而它们却以自己的方式,三个一群,四个一伙的讨论着,我只能听清其中一部分对话。尽管如此,我还是从那些只言片语中听出,它们正激烈地争论着两位国外的音乐家谁更杰出的问题。这两位音乐家中一位是远房表亲,另一位是蚊子先生。它们热烈地讨论着,似乎忘了生命的短暂,好像可以活一个月之久似的。不亦乐乎!我想:“你们一定是生活在一个贤明公正,宽仁待民的国度。因为你们既没有抱怨与牢骚,也没有任何的党派之争,而是在颇有闲情地讨论着外国音乐的完美与不完美之处。”我将目光转向它们中的一位白发老者,它独自在另一片叶子上喃喃自语。我觉得它的独白非常有趣,于是便记了下来,并希望这些话同样博她一笑,以此感谢她曾带给我的难寻喜悦,惬意陪伴和无比和谐。
Spanish to Chinese: Economic Text
General field: Other
Detailed field: Economics
Source text - Spanish
Los principales agregados monetarios evolucionaron al compás de la crisis financiera internacional y de la incertidumbre que generó el conflicto que mantuvo el Gobierno con los productores agropecuarios. Ante la menor demanda de dinero, la base monetaria que durante la primera mitad del año se expandió a una tasa promedio del 23%, finalizó el año con un crecimiento del 10,5%, promediando a diciembre $106.439 millones. A diferencia de los años anteriores, en los que el Banco Central pudo seguir una política de acumulación preventiva de reservas internacionales, en los meses de mayor inestabilidad del 2008 se vio forzado a vender divisas al mercado con el fin de reducir la volatilidad cambiaria. Así, los US$ 2.596 millones adquiridos por la autoridad monetaria durante el primer trimestre fueron más que compensados por los US$ 2.735 millones vendidos al mercado durante el trimestre siguiente. Algo similar ocurrió en la segunda parte del año, con compras por US$ 1.324 millones en el tercer trimestre y ventas por US$ 2.203 millones en los últimos tres meses del año. De todas formas, durante el 2008 el Banco Central pudo inyectar liquidez en el mercado principalmente a través de la cancelación neta de títulos Lebac y Nobac por $19.193 millones y mediante la adquisición de títulos públicos y otras operaciones por un valor de $8.721 millones. Estos mecanismos de expansión monetaria superaron la contracción derivada del incremento del stock de pases pasivos por $5.602 millones, las operaciones del Gobierno Nacional por $7.638 millones, la venta de divisas por $3.538 millones y la cancelación de redescuentos del sistema financiero por $667 millones.
Translation - Chinese
以国际金融危机为导向的主要货币总量增长和其不确定性导致了政府和农产品制造商之间的冲突。面对货币需求量的减少,在前半年的时间内货币基础的平均通货膨胀达到了23%,全年通胀达到了10.5%,12月的平均值为1064亿3千9百万元。同过去几年不同的是,过去中央银行能够延续其预防性国际储备积累政策,但是在2008年最不稳定的几个月中,被迫向市场出售外汇以减少波动。这样,在第一季度中当局获得的25.96亿的资金还不足以满足在下一个季度中向市场售出的27.35亿元。同样的情况也发生在下半年的时候,第三季度的13.24亿元的储备面对最后一个季度22.03亿元的出让。不管怎么说,2008年中央银行通过完全取消了Lebac票据和Nobac债券向市场注入了191.93亿元的资金,并且以公共债券和其他的操作获得了87.21亿元的资金。这些控制通货膨胀的机制超过了股票回购的增加所造成的56.02亿元的收缩,政府的运作获得了76.38亿元,外汇销售获得了35.38亿元,取消对金融体系的再贴现也节省了6.67亿元。
Chinese to English: 政府工作报告
General field: Other
Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - Chinese
四川灾区农户调查统计分析报告
7月12日-18日,由国家发改委小城镇改革发展中心牵头组织,国家发改委宏观院、信息中心和清华大学专家、学生联合组成的60人调研组对四川灾区的汶川、北川、青川(简称“ 三川”)、绵竹和什邡(简称“什绵”)等5个重灾县市进行了灾后和重建情况调研。其中“三川”属于山区县,农民人均收入低于全国平均水平;而“什绵”经济发展水平较好,是四川省“十强县”,农民人均收入高于全国平均水平。调查对1052户农民进行了入户问卷访谈。本报告是在1012份有效问卷统计分析的基础上撰写的。问卷调查内容主要包括农户家庭受灾情况、安置情况、住房需求、迁移意愿和目前迫切需要解决的问题。

一、地震损失情况
从调查农户的统计数据来看,这次地震对农户土地和住房损毁是相当严重。
1、耕地损失严重。农户户均拥有土地5.88亩,地震中户均损失土地2.35亩,损毁率高达40%。
2、住房损失严重。住房完全损毁的农户比率为81%,另外14.6%的农户房屋部分损毁,房屋完好的不到1%。
3、“三川”物质损失更加严重。“三川”和“什绵”灾区的户均耕地分别是7.23亩和3.93亩,损毁面积分别为3.32亩和0.98亩,损毁率分别是46%和25%。“三川”和“什绵”灾区房屋全部损毁分别为84.5%和76.2%,保持完好的则分别是0.67%和5%。“什绵”灾区的耕地和住房损毁情况比“三川”灾区要略微轻一些,但从经济总量看,“什绵”灾区的经济损失更重。
Translation - English
Analytical Report on Investigations of Farmer Households in Disaster-Hit Areas in Sichuan
From July 12th to 18th, organized by Development Center for Small Cities and Towns of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Macro-Academy of NDRC, Information Center of NDRC, experts from Tsinghua University and students jointly formed a research group of 60 people and conducted a survey on the post-disaster reconstruction of five worst-hit counties in Sichuan, including Wenchuan, Beichuan, Qingchuan (henceforth “Three Chuan”), Mianzhu, and Shifang (henceforth “Shimian”). Among these counties, “Three Chuan” was a mountainous one and its income per capita was lower than the national average level. While “Shimian” enjoyed a higher level of economic development and was one of the “top ten counties” of Sichuan province. Its income per capita was higher than the national average level. 1052 farmer households were interviewed for the questionnaires, and this report was based on the analysis of the 1012 valid questionnaires. The questionnaire mainly consisted of losses due to the earthquake, current situation of settlement, housing demand, will of moving and those urgent problems to be solved of farmer households.

1.Losses due to the earthquake
The statistical data of the investigated farmer households revealed that the earthquake had had a great damage to the land and the houses of the farmer households.
1). Serious loss of arable land. Households possessed 5.88 acres of land on average before the earthquake, but 2.35 acres were lost in the earthquake, reaching a 40% rate of loss.
2). Serious loss of houses. 81% of the farmer households’ houses were totally destroyed, and houses of another 14.6% were partially destroyed. Those whose houses are intact accounted for no more than 1%.
3). Serious loss of materials in “Three Chuan”. The average arable land in “Three Chuan” and “Shimian” was 7.23 acres and 3.93 acres, and the damaged area was 3.32 acres and 0.98 acres, reaching a rate of loss of 46% and 25% respectively. The totally destroyed houses in “Three Chuan” and “Shimian” were 84.5% and 76.2%, and the houses still in good condition were 0.67% and 5% respectively. “Shimian” suffered a slighter loss of arable land and houses than “Three Chuan”, but it suffered a greater economic loss in terms of economic aggregate.

Translation education Master's degree - BISU and Beijing Normal University
Experience Years of experience: 24. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2009.
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Bio
I am Judy Xing, a Chinese native based in Beijing with proficient knowledge of both SIMPlIFIED and TRADITIONAL Chinese, boasting of eight-year professional experience in translation from English and Spanish into Chinese and my translation field varies from linguistics, Literature to IT translation,etc, and I have the expertise in proofreading, testing and quality control techniques.

With great enthusiasm in language and relevent qualifications, I have been teaching English of advanced level in BISU (Beijing International Studies University) for years, which enable me to understand the difference between Chinese and English culture and produce outstanding translations for my clients around the world.

The translation software I use now include SDL Trados Studio 2009, Déjà Vu X 7.5, SDL Trados 2007, SDL Passolo 2009, Transit XV Professional, WordFast Pro, FrameMaker as well as few rarely used ones, which are specially requested by clients in some specific translation jobs.

My clients select me because I am detail-oriented, punctual and reliable and trust me with their VIP clients. Over the years, I have established a record of success with my clients including government groups, media groups, medical institutes, educational institutions, NGO and private companies.

I am honored to have provided my translation services for:
ABN Bank, APP, , Dupont, Eiden, EMC, GM, IBM, Kodak, Microsoft, , Motorola, Sun, Sunny Casino, Thaigem, Tyson, Worldbid, Zdnet (China) via translation agencies and the listing keeps growing.


I Joined ProZ.com in 2009.
Please note that I only work in my own language combinations. (English, Spanish into Chinese)

Languages:
Language 1 Chinese (native)
Language 2 English (proficient)
Language 3 Spanish (proficient)



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culture, education, media, public management, diplomacy, politics, consumables, automobiles, computer hardware and software, network technique, information technology, communication, logistics, transportation, apparel, textile, minerals, urban planning, construction, food engineering,agriculture, paper making, chemical industry, machinery, environmental protection, health care etc.


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Profile last updated
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